Ninth Edition CoverGraziano & Raulin
Research Methods (9th edition)

Chapter 1 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
Curiosity, Creativity, and Commitment

Now that you have familiarity with the new key terms of this chapter, it is time to begin using the terms in the context of the chapter material. See if you can fill-in-the-blanks in the following discussions. To get the correct answer, click on the blank.

  1. Scientists seek __________ to their own questions. Science involves a process of __________--a particular way of thinking. The essence of science is its way of thinking, not its __________ and __________.

  2. The process of asking questions was developed to a high degree by __________, who was executed by the Greeks. Indeed, there is often danger in asking questions. Nevertheless, asking questions is part of the __________ of the scientist, which is critical in science. Another important characteristic of scientists is __________. It fuels the sustained efforts needed in science. Science requires hard work. Seemingly accidental discoveries are usually made by scientists who have cultivated a __________ __________, which can be developed only by disciplined study.

  3. Charles Darwin is credited now as being the originator of the concept of __________ __________. In fact, another naturalist, __________, preceded Darwin.

  4. Art and science are __________ in that they have common concerns. In fact, we find that scientists are often also talented in __________.

  5. Three common methods of acquiring knowledge that make few demands on the nature of the evidence are __________, __________, and __________. __________ refers to believing something to be true because it has always been accepted as true. __________ refers to knowledge that simply comes to a person in a flash of insight. __________ refers to believing something to be true because a respected authority says it is true. Science is a combination of __________ and __________. __________ refers to the logical process of thinking; empiricism is the acceptance of knowledge learned through the __________. The major limitation of rationalism is that the premises must be accurate according to some __________ __________ in order for the conclusion to be accurate.

  6. Although modern science emerged in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, it dates back to the time of __________, the "father of science." Science is a combination of __________ and __________. In the history of science, __________ probably developed first, followed by rationalism. An early basis for science was the __________ belief, the implicit belief that the universe operates in an orderly and lawful manner.

  7. Greek philosophers developed both __________ and __________, but ended with their emphasis on __________, as influenced by Socrates and Plato. The medieval Christian church maintained __________ science, but only as a study that was secondary to __________. Science was not allowed to conflict with theology. Science has developed most rapidly in the __________. Although its beginnings date from ancient times, many people view science as being __________, perhaps because __________ always seems new.

  8. Psychology is just over __________ years old. It has roots in philosophy and the __________ and the natural sciences. Wundt started the first scientific __________ in 1879. Wundt was interested in the __________ of consciousness; hence, his approach was known as __________. In contrast, American psychologists were more interested in practical questions that emphasized the __________ of psychological processes; hence, their approach was called __________. Over the years a variety of approaches to studying psychology have evolved. __________ __________ was based on the idea that analyzing the separate parts of a functioning organism lost sight of the fact that the system was more than just the sum of its parts. Another approach, __________, was built on the premise that structural approaches relied too heavily on mentalistic phenomena that could not be directly observed. While early psychologists tended to be strict adherents to one of these approaches or schools, modern psychologists seek to __________ approaches in order to advance our understanding. The major organizations for psychologists in the United States are the __________ __________ __________ and the _________ _________ ________. In Canada, the major organization for psychologists is the __________ __________ __________. The major subject matter of psychology is the __________ of organisms. The science of psychology helps to protect us from __________ like astrology.

  9. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, __________ were barred from higher education and were not allowed to earn ___________  _________. The profession of psychology admitted  __________ women into it. People of _________ and of _________ descent were also barred from the profession of psychology in those early years.