Sorry
That's Incorrect

This question is a bit ambiguous. The answer is (d) All of the above.
In low-constraint research we are not concerned with representative
sampling from a population in order to draw inferences about the
population. Such sampling is what we do at high-constraint
levels. Rather, in low-constraint research, we are concerned
with sampling a particular group of participants
(people, chimpanzees, etc.) who might or might
not be a truly representative a population. We
do that in order to identify contingencies. Thus,
we sample participants, behaviors, and the
conditions under which they function.