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Experimentation is aimed at demonstrating causal
relationships. Contingencies
may be discovered at any
constraint level, but it is the naturalistic level of
research
that focuses upon contingencies. Contingency refers to
the situation in
which, given one event, one or more
other events are likely to occur. A
contingency does
not express causality, nor does it tell us about the direction
and strength of a relationship, as in correlation research.