Challenge yourself with these true/false questions. Click on your choice to see if you are correct.
Experimental research is at the lowest constraint level. (True/False)
Experimental research answers questions about causality. (True/False)
The major weakness with experimentation is that confounding is always introduced by manipulation of the variable. (True/False)
The major goal of experimentation is to observe contingencies. (True/False)
When you operationalize problem statements, they become research hypotheses. (True/False)
Active manipulation of the independent variable adds confidence to our causal inferences. (True/False)
Hypotheses can be tested at all levels of research, not just at the experimental level. (True/False)
Testing causal hypotheses is a crucial part of case-study research. (True/False)
A clear statement of the problem is not needed in experimental research. (True/False)
In the study of autistic children, the independent variable was disruptive behavior. (True/False)
A good experimental research hypothesis identifies the independent variable. (True/False)
The confounding variable hypothesis is subjected to direct testing in experimentation. (True/False)
The null hypothesis is tested before the causal hypothesis. (True/False)
An experimental research hypothesis contains three hypotheses. (True/False)
Confounding variables must be ruled out in order to draw causal conclusions. (True/False)
Experimental research hypotheses are declarative statements because we have high confidence that they are true. (True/False)
According to Kerlinger and Lee, a good problem statement should at least imply the possibility of empirical testing. (True/False)
Problem statements are in the form of questions. (True/False)
In the study of autistic children, their state of relaxation is a fact. (True/False)
Low-constraint research is used when a research area is new. (True/False)
Darley and Latane found that bystanders are more likely to help someone in distress if there are many people around. (True/False)
Every experiment must have at least two control groups. (True/False)
There is a high level of experimenter control in experimentation. (True/False)
The research hypothesis is developed from the problem statement by adding the operational definitions. (True/False)
An experimental research hypothesis predicts a causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. (True/False)
In the research on training autistic children in relaxation, the independent variable was relaxation. (True/False)
In differential research, a major goal is to determine if there are group differences. (True/False)
The data from differential research are not sufficient to draw causal inferences. (True/False)
Each constraint level can be applied to any research hypothesis. (True/False)
Active manipulation in experimentation helps to eliminate alternative hypotheses. (True/False)
In experimental research, the dependent variable is actively manipulated by the experimenter. (True/False)
Constraint is a continuum of control or demand. (True/False)
In differential research, participants are randomly assigned to conditions. (True/False)
Correlational research answers questions about causality. (True/False)
In the research with autistic children, relaxation was the dependent variable. (True/False)
The null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis. (True/False)
The causal hypothesis is stated at the correlational level of research. (True/False)
In experiments, the confounding variable hypothesis is tested directly. (True/False)
There are only two types of validity in research. (True/False)
Validity refers to the consistency of a measure. (True/False)
Multiple research hypotheses based on a single problem statement provide replication. (True/False)
Naturalistic research requires at least one control group. (True/False)
Each experimental problem statement will yield only one research hypothesis. (True/False)
Poor reliability of measures is a threat to statistical validity. (True/False)
The question, "Will the study's results support the theory behind the research?" indicates a concern with construct validity. (True/False)
The degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to other participants and conditions is its external validity. (True/False)
External validity is at the very heart of experimentation. (True/False)
Control groups are seldom necessary in experimental research. (True/False)