Test yourself on these multiple-choice questions. Clicking on the letter of your choice will give you immediate feedback on whether you are correct. Even when you are incorrect, you will receive feedback that will help you learn the material better so that you do well on the exam.
An overt response of an organism is
classified as
(a) an organismic variable.
(b) a behavioral variable.
(c) a replicated variable.
(d) a correlational variable.
Response-inferred organismic
variables
(a) are constructs.
(b) are directly observed.
(c) cannot be measured.
(d) occur only at the experimental level.
Which variable can be directly
manipulated by the experimenter?
(a) the response-inferred variable
(b) the organismic variable
(c) the independent variable
(d) the dependent variable
Changes in one variable resulting
in predictable changes in another
(a) show that a causal relationship cannot be inferred.
(b) can be observed only in naturalistic or case-study
research.
(c) occur only in correlational studies.
(d) suggest that a causal relationship exists.
Research with nonmanipulated
independent variables
(a) cannot be conducted.
(b) usually has subject variables for independent variables.
(c) is best done within an experimental design.
(d) can answer questions about causal relationships between
variables.
Characteristics of participants,
such as age and gender, are called
(a) organismic variables.
(b) stimulus variables.
(c) response variables.
(d) dependent variables.
What is the usual starting point
for research?
(a) the observation phase
(b) asking a question
(c) communication phase
(d) procedures design phase
The behavior to be observed and the
conditions under which it is to be observed
(a) cannot be identified until the observation phase.
(b) are not clear until the interpretation phase.
(c) are identified in the problem-definition phase.
(d) are important only at the experimental level.
In a study on weight control, in
which the proportion of fat and carbohydrate intake is varied
across conditions and subsequent weight loss is measured,
(a) fat is an independent variable.
(b) weight loss is an independent variable.
(c) fat and carbohydrates are correlated variables.
(d) fat and carbohydrates are dependent variables.
A response variable in one study
(a) must be a response variable in any other study.
(b) may be a stimulus variable in another study.
(c) may be an independent variable in another study.
(d) both b and c
Being concerned with whether a
study answers the questions posed is a concern for the study's
(a) reliability.
(b) replicability.
(c) validity.
(d) representativeness.
At what phase of research would the
Psychological Abstracts or PsycInfo most likely be used?
(a) problem-definition
(b) observation
(c) data-analysis
(d) interpretation
In a study with organismic
independent variables,
(a) causal conclusions are very strong.
(b) no conclusions can be drawn.
(c) any causal conclusions must be tentative.
(d) active manipulation of the independent variable must be
included.
In psychology, what is the largest
category of nonmanipulated independent variables?
(a) physiological variables
(b) response variables
(c) stimulus variables
(d) subject variables
A variable is
(a) any observed event.
(b) any set of events that may have different values.
(c) any inferred event.
(d) always kept under direct experimenter control.
If a researcher measured
neuroticism in a group of participants and then divided the
participants into high, moderate, and low neuroticism, this
would be an example of
(a) classification with an organismic variable.
(b) very poor research design.
(c) naturalistic research.
(d) random assignment to conditions.
What is the term for the type of
influence exerted when a theory or research generates a great
deal of further research interest?
(a) applied research
(b) basic research
(c) heuristic research
(d) implicit research
Those events that have an actual or
potential effect on the behavior of the participant are called
(a) organismic variables.
(b) response variables.
(c) dependent variables.
(d) stimulus variables.
Which type of research is carried
out to add to our understanding and store of knowledge, without
any particular practical goals?
(a) applied research
(b) systematic research
(c) heuristic research
(d) basic research
Diversity issues in research refers
to the
(a) statistical variability of measures.
(b) variety of different research designs.
(c) measured differences between experimental and control
groups.
(d) variety of human groups represented in the sample.