Ninth Edition CoverGraziano & Raulin
Research Methods (9th edition)

Georg Elias Muller (1850-1934) was a German psychologist, who continued the research in human cognitive learning that had been initiated by Ebbinghaus. Muller, however, came to believe that learning was not as mechanical and automatic as Ebbinghaus had proposed. He viewed learning as a complex process that is moderated by very active mental phenomena. To study these, he modified Ebbinghaus’ highly objective experimental approach, and added personal, introspective reports from his subjects about what they were experiencing as they progressed through his learning trials. Muller concluded that his subjects were actively working with the verbal stimuli, looking for some meaningful relationships among them. 

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